In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-parasitic Activity of Artemisinin Combined With Glucantime and Shark Cartilage Extract on Iranian Strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER)

Background: The adverse effects and increased resistance of drugs necessities the discovery novel combination therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to examine Artemisinin plus glucantime or shark cartilage extract on Iranian strain Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in vitro vivo. Methods: In experiments, their different concentrations (3.12 - 400 µg/mL) promastigotes, amastigotes, un-infected macrophage cells were evaluated. vivo infected BALB/c mice used as a cutaneous leishmaniasis model evaluate combinations with routes administrations (namely Artemisinin: oral, ointment, intraperitoneal; glucantime: intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intralesional, subcutaneous; extract: oral) parasite burden, lesion size, immune system modulation. Results: results revealed that had greater promastigotes than either (P < 0.05), also high cytotoxic uninfected macrophages = 0.001). These more inhibitory amastigotes promastigotes. sizes burden spleen decreased against administrations. It was noticed best administration route glucantime, strong inducers INF-γ Th1 response, ointment respectively 0.05). Conclusions: findings indicate Artemisinin- Shark are effective inhibitors L. major. However, further clinical trials recommended these human subjects.